The Surrogate Trap: When the Mechanism Works But the Patient Dies
In the late 1980s, cardiologists thought they had cracked the code. They knew that patients who developed irregular heartbeats, premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), after a heart attack were more likely to die. They had drugs, encainide and flecainide, that reliably suppressed those irregular beats. The intuition was flawless: Suppress the